What Are CFDs – And How To Trade Them

CFDs (contracts for difference) are a popular, flexible and accessible way of trading the markets. Learn everything you need to know about CFDs and how to trade them.

What is a contract for difference (CFD)?

Most CFDs are leveraged. Leverage means you get a larger market exposure with a relatively small initial deposit. In other words, your potential return on investment is significantly larger than in other forms of trading.

Let’s take stock investing as an example. Say that you’d like to purchase 10,000 shares of Company A and its share price is 280 cents, which means that the total investment would cost you $28,000, not including any commission or other fees you might have to pay your broker for the transaction. In return, you receive a stock certificate, and legal documentation that certifies ownership of shares. You have something physical to hold in your hands until you decide to cash in on them, hopefully for a profit.

With CFDs, however, you don’t own those shares. You’re simply speculating on the movements in the share price.

And with leverage, you only need a small percentage of the total trade value to open the position and maintain the same level of exposure. At 4T we offer leverage of 10:1 (10%) on shares, which means that you would only need to deposit an initial $2,800 instead of the full $28,000.

If shares in Company A rise 10% to 308 cents, the value of the position is now $30,800. So with an initial deposit of $2,800, this trade has made a profit of $2,800. That’s a 100% return on investment, compared to just a 10% return on investment if shares were bought physically.

However if Company A shares fall 10% to 252 cents, the value of the position is now $25,200. With your initial deposit of $2,800, your trade has made a loss of $2,800. That’s a 100% loss on your investment compared to a 10% loss if the shares were bought physically.

How does CFD trading work?

A CFD stands for contract for difference. They are a derivative product, which means that you’re speculating on the price of a market without owning the underlying asset.

So for share CFDs, you’re not buying physical stocks in the company. You’re simply opening a contract on the value of the share, and you’ll make a profit or loss for every direction the price moves.

It’s the same with any other asset, like forex, commodities, and indices. If you wanted to invest in gold, you can open a gold CFD instead of going to the trouble of buying it, and then having to pay fees for vaulting and insurance. You’re still exposed to the gold market, but you don’t have to worry about physical ownership.

What is leverage in CFD trading?

Most CFDs are leveraged. Leverage means you get a larger market exposure with a relatively small initial deposit. In other words, your potential return on investment is significantly larger than in other forms of trading.

Let’s take stock investing as an example. Say that you’d like to purchase 10,000 shares of Company A and its share price is 280 cents, which means that the total investment would cost you $28,000, not including any commission or other fees you might have to pay your broker for the transaction. In return, you receive a stock certificate, and legal documentation that certifies ownership of shares. You have something physical to hold in your hands until you decide to cash in on them, hopefully for a profit.

With CFDs, however, you don’t own those shares. You’re simply speculating on the movements in the share price.

And with leverage, you only need a small percentage of the total trade value to open the position and maintain the same level of exposure. At 4T we offer leverage of 10:1 (10%) on shares, which means that you would only need to deposit an initial $2,800 instead of the full $28,000.

If shares in Company A rise 10% to 308 cents, the value of the position is now $30,800. So with an initial deposit of $2,800, this trade has made a profit of $2,800. That’s a 100% return on investment, compared to just a 10% return on investment if shares were bought physically.

However if Company A shares fall 10% to 252 cents, the value of the position is now $25,200. With your initial deposit of $2,800, your trade has made a loss of $2,800. That’s a 100% loss on your investment compared to a 10% loss if the shares were bought physically.

How much should you invest?

How much should you invest? That’s entirely up to you. One of the great things about CFD trading is that there’s no minimum account size and you don’t need thousands of dollars to begin trading. A good rule of thumb however is to never invest more than you can afford to lose.

CFDs can be considered a cost-effective way of trading the markets because of the leverage they offer on a wide range of markets.

What assets can you trade with CFDs?

CFDs give you instant access to multiple asset classes under one platform, including:

4T offers hundreds of markets already, and new markets are constantly being offered so check the platform regularly as well as keeping an eye out for email updates on new released products.

What is the contract length of CFDs?

Most CFDs have no fixed expiry date, but full details of each market can be found on our trading platform. In general, you’re able to control the length of a CFD by opening and closing the position when you see fit.
If you’re a short-term trader for example, you might only keep your position open for several hours or a day or two. If you’re a longer-term trader, you might keep your position open for months. Please note that you may incur overnight funding fees for longer-term trades, so it’s a good idea to check the market information of an asset when you open a position.

Risk management when trading CFDs

The important thing to remember about CFD trading and leverage is that it can magnify your losses as well as your profits. So if prices move against you, you may be closed out of your position. This is why it’s important to understand how to manage your risk.

Risk management is one of the key concepts to long-term success on the financial markets. So, what elements make up good money management? Let’s take a look at some key aspects:

  • The size of your position
  • Diversification – making sure your account is well balanced across markets
  • Trading during certain hours
  • Stop losses and take profit levels
  • Knowing when to take losses

Even the best traders suffer losses. It’s part and parcel of trading. The key to risk management and successful trading is to limit your losses to a manageable level, so that you can stay in the market for longer and increase your chances of having more profitable trades.
One way to manage risk is to stick to reward/risk ratio such as 2:1 or 3:1, where your targeted profits are always double that of your maximum losses. So even if you suffer three losing trades, you’ll only need two profitable ones to ensure your total profits outweigh your losses.

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